Optimizing Nitrogen Fertilization and Plant Density for Improved Growth and Yield of Syrian Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.)
Ghadeer Alhoushi *
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
Hussameddin Khalasi
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
Nizar Moalla
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study was carried out in Jibul village - Lattakia city, Syria during the agricultural season 2022, to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) at a rate of (0, 100, and 200 kg. ha-1) and plant density at a rate of (500,000 and 1,000,000 plants. ha-1), and the interaction between them in some growth characteristics of Rocket plant local Syrian cv. “Balady”. The experiment was designed as a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment means were compared using the least significant difference test (LSD) at a significant level of 5%.
The results showed that there was a significant effect (p < 0.05) of nitrogen fertilization on all the studied traits and the rate of 200 kg. ha-1 achieved the highest plant height (80.12 cm), the highest number of branches on the plant (7.50 branches. plant-1), and the highest number of leaves. (18.00 leaf. plant-1), and the highest fresh weight (60.50 g).
The results also showed a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the plant in all the studied traits. The low density of 500,000 plants. ha-1 achieved the highest number of branches on the plant (5.83 branches. plant-1), the highest number of leaves on the plant (15.16 leaves. plant-1), and the highest fresh weight (51.41 g), while the high density of 1,000,000 plants. ha-1 achieved the highest plant height (74.33 cm). The interaction between nitrogen fertilization and plant density had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on all studied traits.
Keywords: Eruca sativa, rocket, nitrogen rate, plant density, fresh weight, plant height
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Cartea E, Francisco M, Soengas P, Velasco P. Phenolic compounds in Brassica vegetables. Mol. 2011;16:251–280.
Garg G, Sharma V. Eruca sativa (L.): Botanical Description, Crop Improvement, and Medicinal Properties, Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 2014; 20(2):171-182.
Jaafar N, Jaafar I. Eruca sativa Linn.: pharmacognostical and pharmacological properties and pharmaceutical preparations. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2019;12(3).
El Gendy G, Taghred H, El-Sayed S.M. Effect of biofertilizers and/or urea on growth, yield, essential oil and chemical compositions of Cymbopogon citratus plants.J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2013;9(1):309-320.
Dong H, Li W, Eneji A.E, Zhang D. Nitrogen rate and plant density effects on yield and late-season leaf senescence of cotton raised on a saline field. Field Crops Res. 2012;126;137–144.
Al-Mohammad MH. Effete of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and pinching on growth, seeds production and their contents of some active constituentsfor local rocket Eruca sativa Mill. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 2010;2(2):196-215.
Barros júnior AP, Cecílio Filho AB, Rezende BLA, Pôrto DRQ, Prado RM. Nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket. Horticultura Brasileira. 2011;29:398-403.
Varga J, Laczi E. Studies concerning the sowing period in the arugula (Eruca sativa Mill) plants development. Agriculture and Environment. 2012;(4); 5–10.
Kebraei S, Shamsi K, Rasekhi B, Kebraie S, Pazeki AR. Effect of plant density on morphological traitsandqualityof soybean. Plant and Ecosystem. 2009;32:81-91.
Rajabian M, Asghari J, Ehteshami SMR, Rabiee M. responses of morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) as the second crop after rice to plant density and weed interference duration. Iranian Agricultural Research. 2012;31(1): 17-32.
Kazemeini A, Edalat A, Shekoofa M, Hamidi R. Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Yield and Yield Components in Southern Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2010; 10:1461-1465.
Argyropoulou K, Salahas G, Hela D. and Papas-avvas A. Impact of nitrogen deficiency on biomass production, morphological and biochemical characteristics of sweet basil (Octimum Basilicum L.) plants, cultivated aeroponically. Agriculture & Food. 2015;3:32-42.
Sampaio M, Togun A O, Guerra J G M, DE-polli H. Performance of roquette crop fertilized with cattle and green manure using two planting densities. Rev. Bras. de Agroecologia. 2010;5(2): 139-148.
Ahmad M, Khaliq A, Ahmad R, Ranjha AM. Allometery and productivity of autumn planted maize hybrids under narrow row spacing. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 2010;12: 661–667.
Foroughi L, Ebadi A. Effect of nitrogen and sulfur on yield, yield components and some physiological characteristics of spring safflower. Crop production. 2012; 5(2):37-56.
Ceylan N, Mordogan N, Cakici H, Yioldas F. Effects of different nitrogen levels on the yield and nitrogen accumulation in the rocket. Asian J. Plant Sci. 2002;1(4): 482–483.
Purquerio P, Demant A, Goto R, Boas L. Effect of side dressing nitrogen fertilization and distance between plants on yield of Rocket Salad. Hort. Bras. 2007;25(3):464-470.
Ehsanipour A, Razmjoo J, Zeinali H. Effect of nitrogen rate on yield and quality of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions. Ind. Crops Prod. 2012; 35:121–125.
Nascimento CS, Cecilio Filho AB, Mendoza-Cortez JW, Bezerra Neto F, Grangeiro LC. Effect of population density of lettuce intercropped with rocket on productivity and land-use efficiency. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0194756.